Geography Of The Fertile Crescent - 1835 Words

Six thousand years ago, two rivers flowed from the mountains and down through Syria and Iraq, and finally to the Persian Gulf, and provided the lifeblood that allowed the formation of farming settlements. Geography of the Fertile Crescent In the landscape between the Persian Gulf and the Mediterranean Sea, which is dominated by a desert climate, is an arc of land that provides some of the best farming in Southwest Asia, which is called the Fertile Crescent. Fertile Plains In between where the Tigris and Euphrates rivers flow in the eastern part of the Fertile Crescent, is called the Mesopotamia (Greek for â€Å"land between the rivers†). At least once a year the rivers flooded Mesopotamia, as the water receded it left a thick bed of silt. In†¦show more content†¦The second disadvantage was that Sumer was a small region, and so the protection of the village was hard. The third and final disadvantage was that the natural resources of Sumer were extremely limited. Creating Solutions Over time, the people of Sumer created solutions to deal with the problems/disadvantages. To provide water, they dug irrigation ditches that carried river water to the fields, and allowed them to provide a surplus of crops. To defend the city/village, they built city walls with mud bricks. Then they traded with the people of the mountains and the desert for the products they lacked. They would trade their grain, cloth, and crafted tools for the stone, wood, and metal they needed to make tools and buildings. It took many people working together, like for the large irrigation systems. Leaders planned the projects and supervise the digging. The projects created the need for laws to settle disputes over how land and water was distributed. This was the beginning of an organized government. Sumerians Create City-States The Sumerians stand out in history as one of the first groups of people to form a civilization. The five key characteristics that set Sumer apart from oth er early human societies are advanced cities, specialized workers, complex institutions, record keeping, and advanced technology. By 3000 B.C. the Sumerians had built a number of cities, each surrounded by fields of barley and wheat. They all had the

The Program For International Student Assessment Essay

The United States has an unmatched sense of pride, an ever-oozing aura of superiority, and has long-touted itself as â€Å"the leader of the world†. We ignorantly believe we are the best at almost everything we do, which is true if you’re talking about America’s military budget, incarceration rates, or number of plastic surgeons (Mark, 2015). Concurrently, there are a few shocking statistics we don’t like to talk about. When it comes to our education system, we have fallen below the international average and our education system is in crisis. The Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) determines how countries rank in education using three subjects: reading, science, and math. Side by side, the United States ranks 29th out of 76 countries in the subjects of Math and Science (World, 2015) and 14th overall. In regards to proficiency in mathematics, our ranking on the PISA test is embarrassingly low; one in four American youths score below the international baseline for math comprehension (OECD, 2016). Alternatively, countries such as South Korea, Japan, Singapore or Finland are at the top of the ranks internationally (World, 2015). With literacy rates just shy of 100% and impeccable composite PISA scores, it’s no wonder they rank so high. These statistics beg the questions, â€Å"What do they have that we don’t? What obstacles may be in the way of intervention? Is it even possible? What are we doing wrong, or better yet, what are they doing right?†. To fully analyze theShow MoreRelatedThe Program For International Student Assessment825 Words   |  4 Pages The Program for International Student Assessment (PISA) report provides reliable data for policy makers and school leaders to use in the decision making process. Rather than focusing on specific curricular outcomes, the assessment targets application of knowledge within real world contexts. PISA is designed to provide estimates of student performance across large populations, and the results are therefore reliable for large-scale educational planning (Lemke et al., 2004). The international benchmarksRead MoreThe Program For International Student Assessment1685 Words   |  7 Pageswho will teach the generation of tomorrow. The Program for International Student Assessment (PISA) is prime evidence that we need STEM education to widen across the nation. It is an international assessment that measures students reading, mathematics, and science literacy skills and is taken every three years. Sadly, results seem to be plummeting, for example in 2009 the U.S. ranked 24 in math and 19 in s cience. Now, in the most recent assessment, 2012, we are now in 29th place in math and 22ndRead MoreThe Program For International Student Assessment1193 Words   |  5 PagesIn 2009 the PISA (Program for International Student Assessment) report which test the performance of 15 year olds in science, math and reading came out. In that report, the United States ranked 31st in math, 23rd in science and 17th in reading. President Obama thought that the report was a call to action. This was a Sputnik 2 situation—like Sputnik 1 in the late 1950s to early 60s, when President Kennedy galvanized the nation into action to improve its science and technology education, PresidentRead MoreThe Program For International Student Assessment Essay1091 Words   |  5 Pagesagainst other countries in educational performance. In 2012 more than half a million 15 year olds around the world took a test called the â€Å"Programme for International Student Assessment† (PISA) which is a test that is given every three years and focuses on Math, Science, and Reading. Now although this test isn’t given to every single in student in America and doesn’t range in age, it covers the majority of 15 year old’s across America and their abilities in said subjects. The United States rankedRead MoreEssay on State and International Assessment906 Words   |  4 PagesState and International Assessment Assessment is the driving force behind every aspect of teaching today. There is an increasing focus on grades, as well as a growing concern for US performance, in schools compared to others abroad. As a result, standards of learning have not only been developed for each state, but are now being strictly enforced as well. This has caused much controversy over the effectiveness and legitimacy of the standards and over their consequences. By examining various educationalRead MoreThe Decline of The U.S. Education System Essay971 Words   |  4 Pagescompare and evaluate standards from state to state by creating and monitoring various programs for overall academic improvement across the country. Proper education has now become a moral necessity in order for individuals and societies to grow and succeed. Some of the major issues in the U.S. educational system consist of lack of equality in education, and decline in academic test scores. The U.S. spends more per student than any OECD nation, and other countries also seemingly invest funds differentlyRead MoreThe International Level Through Foreign Language Acquisition And Increased Global Cultural Knowledge1634 Words   |  7 Pagesglobalizing world, America is not prepared to continue outshining other nations. Year after year, countries throughout the globe are better preparing young individuals in the mathematics, science and engineering fields. Students are better equipped to collaborate at the international level through foreign language acquisition and increased global cultural knowledge. New generations bring new ideas, goals and standards, thus the rational ignorance of American citizens will further prevent the United Read MoreInternational Partnership : Education And Cultural Exchange Foundation1428 Words   |  6 Pageshas changed forever for educators and for students around the world. The People s Republic of China has entered a historical conversion, as well, that has revolutionized the lives and futures of Chinese children. Through of the transformative power and the interconnectedness of today s worldwide system, globalization has brought huge challenges and opportunities to high school students in China. The purpose of this paper is to explore one international partnership in global education called AmesonRead MoreWhy Teacher Development Is Important1286 Words   |  6 Pageskey to meeting today’s educational demands. †¢ Educators or Teachers must keep abreast of the important advances that are occurring in education. †¢ Teachers are learning new instructional strategies, adopting new programs, new assessments. Teacher Welfare in SPS International SPS International provides a conducive working environment for its staff. Several schemes and welfare programmes support the teacher’s carrier growth and personal fulfilment. †¢ Staff members are eligible for Provident Fund as perRead MoreHigh Stakes Testing And The Turn Is Not Well Received1152 Words   |  5 PagesThe educational forum has had many trend changes over years. The current trend in education is mainly focused on accountability through assessment, such as standardized tests. There are many defining factors and elements that are articulated in the realm of standardized testing. Some of these factors are academic shift from learning to accountability in learning, test data, the problems that plague education and schools related to standardized tests, and the possible solutions for them. Education The Program For International Student Assessment Essay Introduction America is not ranking well against other countries in educational performance. In 2012 more than half a million 15 year olds around the world took a test called the â€Å"Programme for International Student Assessment† (PISA) which is a test that is given every three years and focuses on Math, Science, and Reading. Now although this test isn’t given to every single in student in America and doesn’t range in age, it covers the majority of 15 year old’s across America and their abilities in said subjects. The United States ranked 36 of 65 countries that participated in the PISA. Other countries such as Singapore, Hong Kong, South Korea, Japan, and Taiwan are doing much better than America and are the top five. Finland usually being the idolized country that is compared to the most, ranked 12th. (TheGuardian) These rankings show that America needs to improve its educational system. Also, America is ranked 24th in literacy, 14th in education, 17th in educational performance, and 54th in educational expenditures (RAWP). These are just a handful of the rankings for education in America. Source: Unknown. â€Å"The US ranks 24th in literacy†. 4 December, 2013. Web. Figure. 4 December, 2016. Problems with Americas Educational System. There are many reasons as to why America ranks low in educational performance. One reason would be that 14% of United States schools exceed capacity (SOT). This has to do with schools that do not have sufficient funds and have to closeShow MoreRelatedThe Program For International Student Assessment825 Words   |  4 Pages The Program for International Student Assessment (PISA) report provides reliable data for policy makers and school leaders to use in the decision making process. Rather than focusing on specific curricular outcomes, the assessment targets application of knowledge within real world contexts. PISA is designed to provide estimates of student performance across large populations, and the results are therefore reliable for large-scale educational planning (Lemke et al., 2004). The international benchmarksRead MoreThe Program For International Student Assessment1685 Words   |  7 Pageswho will teach the generation of tomorrow. The Program for International Student Assessment (PISA) is prime evidence that we need STEM education to widen across the nation. It is an international assessment that measures students reading, mathematics, and science literacy skills and is taken every three years. Sadly, results seem to be plummeting, for example in 2009 the U.S. ranked 24 in math and 19 in s cience. Now, in the most recent assessment, 2012, we are now in 29th place in math and 22ndRead MoreThe Program For International Student Assessment1193 Words   |  5 PagesIn 2009 the PISA (Program for International Student Assessment) report which test the performance of 15 year olds in science, math and reading came out. In that report, the United States ranked 31st in math, 23rd in science and 17th in reading. President Obama thought that the report was a call to action. This was a Sputnik 2 situation—like Sputnik 1 in the late 1950s to early 60s, when President Kennedy galvanized the nation into action to improve its science and technology education, PresidentRead MoreThe Program For International Student Assessment Essay2221 Words   |  9 Pagesrates, or number of plastic surgeons (Mark, 2015). Concurrently, there are a few shocking statistics we don’t like to talk about. When it comes to our education system, we have fallen below the international averag e and our education system is in crisis. The Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) determines how countries rank in education using three subjects: reading, science, and math. Side by side, the United States ranks 29th out of 76 countries in the subjects of Math and ScienceRead MoreEssay on State and International Assessment906 Words   |  4 PagesState and International Assessment Assessment is the driving force behind every aspect of teaching today. There is an increasing focus on grades, as well as a growing concern for US performance, in schools compared to others abroad. As a result, standards of learning have not only been developed for each state, but are now being strictly enforced as well. This has caused much controversy over the effectiveness and legitimacy of the standards and over their consequences. By examining various educationalRead MoreThe Decline of The U.S. Education System Essay971 Words   |  4 Pagescompare and evaluate standards from state to state by creating and monitoring various programs for overall academic improvement across the country. Proper education has now become a moral necessity in order for individuals and societies to grow and succeed. Some of the major issues in the U.S. educational system consist of lack of equality in education, and decline in academic test scores. The U.S. spends more per student than any OECD nation, and other countries also seemingly invest funds differentlyRead MoreThe International Level Through Foreign Language Acquisition And Increased Global Cultural Knowledge1634 Words   |  7 Pagesglobalizing world, America is not prepared to continue outshining other nations. Year after year, countries throughout the globe are better preparing young individuals in the mathematics, science and engineering fields. Students are better equipped to collaborate at the international level through foreign language acquisition and increased global cultural knowledge. New generations bring new ideas, goals and standards, thus the rational ignorance of American citizens will further prevent the United Read MoreInternational Partnership : Education And Cultural Exchange Foundation1428 Words   |  6 Pageshas changed forever for educators and for students around the world. The People s Republic of China has entered a historical conversion, as well, that has revolutionized the lives and futures of Chinese children. Through of the transformative power and the interconnectedness of today s worldwide system, globalization has brought huge challenges and opportunities to high school students in China. The purpose of this paper is to explore one international partnership in global education called AmesonRead MoreWhy Teacher Development Is Important1286 Words   |  6 Pageskey to meeting today’s educational demands. †¢ Educators or Teachers must keep abreast of the important advances that are occurring in education. †¢ Teachers are learning new instructional strategies, adopting new programs, new assessments. Teacher Welfare in SPS International SPS International provides a conducive working environment for its staff. Several schemes and welfare programmes support the teacher’s carrier growth and personal fulfilment. †¢ Staff members are eligible for Provident Fund as perRead MoreHigh Stakes Testing And The Turn Is Not Well Received1152 Words   |  5 PagesThe educational forum has had many trend changes over years. The current trend in education is mainly focused on accountability through assessment, such as standardized tests. There are many defining factors and elements that are articulated in the realm of standardized testing. Some of these factors are academic shift from learning to accountability in learning, test data, the problems that plague education and schools related to standardized tests, and the possible solutions for them. Education

Bullying Debut Albums and Big Idea Free Essays

I have to write an argumentative essay about a big idea. My paper is on how parents can help to stop and prevent bullying. My big idea that I am completing is a blog that offers a lot of information along with links to resources. We will write a custom essay sample on Bullying: Debut Albums and Big Idea or any similar topic only for you Order Now I have my final due in two weeks but this week we have to revise our opening and closing statements and I do not know where to strap and could really use some help. Introduction: The saying, if sticks and stones will break my bones, but words will never hurt me was ever true, it sure isn’t true today† (Gaul, 2010). Bullying in and out of schools is getting out of control. Statistics have shown that one third of teens are bullied at school and 4 percent also report that they were also victims of cyber bullying (Bullying Statistics, 2009). Parents really need to take a stand against bullying to help prevent it and to stop it. We as parents need to be a part of the solution, not the problem. Conclusion: No matter what end of the bullying your child is on, you need to make sure that you are doing your part to prevent and stop this. Bullying is a serious matter, weather we like it or not. If you do not think that you can handle the situation on your own, there is no harm in asking for help. You can find help in a variety of places, even with in your own family. How to cite Bullying: Debut Albums and Big Idea, Papers

A Study Of Lyme Disease In New free essay sample

Jersey Essay, Research Paper Introduction Merely by populating in the universe, human existences are susceptible to disease. Many diseases # 8212 ; for illustration, grippe and TB # 8212 ; are spread when bacteriums or viruses pass from one individual to another. Other diseases are acquired genetically from one? s parents, such as cystic fibrosis. Some diseases, such as bosom disease and osteoporosis, develop as worlds age. Others worlds get from the environment ; illustrations are lead toxic condition and tegument malignant neoplastic disease due to exposure to the Sun. Finally, there are diseases that can be transmitted from animate beings to worlds. Lyme disease is one such disease. Cases of Lyme disease, which is transmitted to worlds and pets by the bite of a tick, are steadily increasing in countries such as the Northeast part of the United States. At present, there is no vaccinum for worlds ; the best manner to forestall Lyme disease is to take safeguards against being bitten by a tick and leting the tick to stay af filiated to the tegument long plenty for the infection to be transmitted. History The narrative of Lyme disease in the United States began in 1975, when two female parents, Polly Murray and Judith Mensch, alarmed by the great figure of instances of joint redness in the their communities of Lyme and Ease Haddam, Connecticut, contacted public wellness governments ( 7:5 ) . The wellness section contacted Allen Steere and his co-workers at Yale University, in New Haven. Steere believed the eruption may supply a hint about the infective agent or environmental toxin that was responsible for arthritis ( 2:26 ) . One early observation made by Steere was an association between the arthritis and a anterior tegument roseola. A connexion was so made between this roseola and a similar 1 called erythema migrans, which comes from the bite of the sheep tick, Ixodes Ricinus and is often found in northern Europe ( 7:5 ) . After field surveies and patient studies were carried out the research workers released three indispensable findings which subsequently led to the find of the infective agent. First, the disease was seasonal, happening most normally in the summer and much less so in the center of the winter. In geographic countries such as Connecticut, these findings suggest that the virus was either a summer virus or an infection carried by and insect or a tick ( 7:35 ) . Second, the disease did non distribute from one individual in a household to another. Summer viruses were normally spread from individual to individual, particularly those populating in the same family. When a summer virus was eliminated, the focal point shifted to the engagement of arthropods ( 7:37 ) . Third, the disease was much more prevalent on one side of the Connecticut River than the other. Since the Connecticut River bisects the province, this became an of import factor in happening the cause of the disease. The research workers found a good correlativity with the frequence of a certain tick now named Ixodes scapularis. When furthered questioned, the affected people remembered being old bitten by a tick ( 2:27 ) . At foremost, the infective agent bring forthing Lyme disease was thought to hold been either a virus, protozoon, Fungis, or bacteriums. Among the possible agents, bacterium was the highest on the list. European doctors had been handling patients with medical specialties that were effectual against bacteriums. However, these findings were non originally accepted in the United States. It was merely after some of the patients in Steere? s survey were successfully treated with antibiotics, which are effectual against bacteriums, but non against viruses, protozoon, or Fungis, that bacterium was determined to be the infective agent ( 14:1015 ) . The specific bacterium was found by Willy Burgdorfer, an expert on a assortment of tick-borne diseases. While working at Montana? s Rocky Mountain Laboratories, Burgdorfer received a cargo of ticks from New York. After looking at the contents of the ticks through a microscope, Burgdorfer found a wavy signifier of a spirochaete that had neer been seen in the Ixodes group of ticks before. After finding that the same spirochaetes were present in ticks taken from Long Island and New Jersey, the freshly named Borrelia burgdorferi was confirmed as the bacterium that caused Lyme disease ( 1:47 ) . THE VECTOR The tick that transmits Lyme disease is called Ixodes scapularis. In the northeasterly and north-central United States it is frequently called the? cervid tick? because it is found so often on cervid. The southern signifier of I. scapularis is normally called the? black legged tick. ? The southern signifier of the species poses less of a menace of infection. Fewer of the southern ticks are infected and they tend to feed on other carnal hosts instead than worlds ( 2:43 ) . The ticks that transmit Lyme disease by and large live about two old ages. I. scapularis larvae, which are non much larger than the period at the terminal of this sentence, hatch in the summer from eggs laid by the grownup female that spring. They normally feed on a field mouse or other gnawer host that summer and into the early autumn. The larvae so alteration into nymphs the first twelvemonth ; these nymphs base on balls through the winter without feeding. the undermentioned spring and summer the nymphs provender on a gnawer or other little animate being. At least three out of four Lyme disease instances in the United States are from the bite of a nymphal tick that occurs sometime between May and August. Most of the bites go unnoticed because the nymphs are so little # 8211 ; about the size of a poppy seed ( 2:45 ) . In the 2nd twelvemonth, the nymph alterations to an grownup after feeding. The larger ticks, particularly the females, are more likely to be noticed by people. I. scapularis grownups bite cervid and other big mammals, such as worlds. The grownups feed subsequently in the twelvemonth than the nymphs and larvae and may stay active even as temperature bead to merely above nothing in the late autumn. Lyme disease infection happening in the autumn, particularly in the nor-east, can normally be attributed to the bite of an grownup ( 2:45-46 ) . Reservoir The Lyme disease spirochaetes can stay active and even multiply inside a tick? s organic structure, but rarely are they passed from an grownup female to her offspring. In order for the spirochaetes to distribute in nature, an septic tick must feed on another animate being, thereby go throughing the spirochaete from that animate being to other feeding ticks. Many types of mammals and birds are capable of hosting the bacterium and of go throughing it on to other ticks, therefore finishing the vector-reservoir-vector rhythm. Because about 99 per centum of the larvae of I. scapularis do non transport the bacteriums even if their grownup female parent of male parent did, the larvae must get the bacteriums by feeding on an septic host. In the instance of cervid ticks this host is normally a wild field mouse, called Peromyscus leucopus. In some parts more than half the mice are infected with Lyme disease bacteriums, therefore supplying a uninterrupted reservoir of the spirochaetes for many ticks. In bad countries for Lyme disease, such as New Jersey, the opportunities that a larva will go septic is as least one in four ( 13:36 ) . Symptom The first mark of the disease in 60 to 80 per centum of the instances is a roseola # 8211 ; a ruddy splodge or bull? s oculus form, frequently no more than 2 1/2 inches across. If left untreated it may, in two hebdomads to a month, expand to four times that size. The roseola does non ever occur at the site of the bite ( 11:9 ) . Often it is found at the axilla, inguen, or the dorsum of the articulatio genus. However, in many instances of Lyme disease no roseola occurs ; therefore it may be necessary to look at other factors before doing a diagnosing ( 16:41 ) . Other common symptoms include icinesss, febrility, weariness, and other flu-like symptoms ( 1:47 ) . If left untreated, the disease spreads to other P humanistic disciplines of the organic structure, and frequently consequences in more joint, tendon and musculus hurting, partial facial palsy, and bosom palpitations ( 8:11 ) . Chronic symptoms can develop if the disease goes untreated for months or old ages, and leads to severe arthritis and neurological jobs ( 5:29 ) . Diagnosis The best manner to get at or except a diagnosing of Lyme disease is to analyze three facets of the patient. The first is to find if the patient exhibits any of the above symptoms. The 2nd is discover whether or non the patient is at a high hazard of undertaking the disease. This factor takes into history the environment in which the patient lives, works, or enjoys his recreational activities. It may besides include whether or non the patient has a pet that may hold brought the ticks into the house ( 16:41 ) . The 3rd factor to see before naming Lyme disease is to execute research lab trials. The Second National Conference on Serologic Diagnosis of Lyme Disease recommends a two-test attack to find an active disease or a old infection. A doctor should execute a sensitive enzyme immunochemical assay ( EIA ) or immunofluorescent check ( IFA ) . If a patient trials positive on an EIA or IFA so the doctor should follow up with a standardised Western immunoblot ( 15:937 ) . Treatment In its early phases Lyme disease can easy be treated. Clinical surveies have shown that a 10 twenty-four hours to three hebdomad class of antibiotics is about 95 percent effectual in extinguishing the disease ( 14:1015 ) . Amoxicillin and Vibramycin are the two most prescribed antibiotics. They replaced the earlier interventions of penicillin and Achromycin because they are more easy absorbed by the enteric piece of land and require less frequent dosing ( 9:1 ) . Erythromycin, which is less effectual than penicillin or Achromycin, is now merely used in the intervention of immature kids, pregnant or nursing adult females, and those people allergic to penicillins ( 2:166 ) . If left untreated and allowed to come on to a ulterior phase, Lyme disease may necessitate to be treated with endovenous antibiotics. The success rate at this phase drops significantly and frequently patients will go on to see chronic symptoms ( 2:167 ) . Prevention It is of import to be cognizant if you live in or are going to a high hazard country. Ticks thrive in wooded, shaggy, grassy home grounds, and peculiarly in shady and damp countries. Measures to forestall Lyme disease include have oning long arms and bloomerss when out-of-doorss, inserting bloomerss into socks, and utilizing repellants # 8211 ; permethrin ( sold as Permanoe ) on vesture, and diethyltoluamide ( DEET ) on exposed countries of tegument. The most of import agencies of bar is a complete review of the organic structure at the terminal of every twenty-four hours spent out-of-doorss. A tick must be attached to the organic structure for a lower limit of 24 hours in order to convey the disease ; hence if a tick is found upon review it is non excessively late to forestall the disease from being transmitted. If a tick is discovered embedded in the tegument it should be removed instantly by hold oning the organic structure with a brace of all right tipped pincers and drawing gen tly until the tick comes out ( 4:31 ) . Statistical ASPECTS In 1995 ( the last complete twelvemonth for which figures are available ) , there 11,603 instances of Lyme disease reported in the United States by 43 provinces and the District of Columbia. The overall incidence of the disease was 4.4 per 100,000 people. This was the 2nd highest one-year figure reported since the disease was first tracked in 1982, nevertheless it was an 11 % lessening from the 13, 043 instances reported in 1994 ( 10:274 ) . Despite the national lessening, the incidence of Lyme disease in New Jersey has increased steadily since 1992, from 688 instances to 1,704 in 1995 ( 6: T-3 ) . An overall incidence of 21.1 per 100,000 people was reported ( 10:274 ) . Hunterdon County leads the province and is 2nd among the 3,300 counties in the state in the figure of instances per 100,000 occupants. In 1995, Hunterdon reported 565 instances. Morris County was 2nd in the province coverage 232 instances ( 6: T-3 ) . FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO THE HIGH INCIDENCE OF LYME DISEASE IN NEW JERSEY The three chief factors lending to the incidence in New Jersey are the sum of cervid nowadays in the province, an increased interaction between people and cervid, and an addition in the figure of doctors naming and describing Lyme disease. The figure of cervid in New Jersey continues to turn every twelvemonth ( 17:41 ) . This population detonation means that there are more cervid for the ticks to feed on and infect. This straight relates to the addition in interaction between people and cervid. As people move into more wooded countries, they are more likely to come in contact with cervid and their home grounds. This provides an chance for the ticks to attach themselves to dress or be found in families ( 13:37 ) . The 3rd factor can be attributed to an addition in consciousness among physicians to name Lyme disease. After a significant sum of media attending given to Lyme disease in the late 1980? s and early 1990? s, physicians all of a sudden began naming the disease in more patients. As an consciousness of the symptoms and hazard factors of Lyme disease increased, doctors were better able to do a more accurate diagnosing. They were now naming Lyme disease in patients that had antecedently been untreated ( 3 ) . Decision It is inevitable that the instances of Lyme disease will go on to increase in New Jersey until more people become cognizant of the earnestness of the disease. In recent old ages, the media has been instrumental in supplying the public with pertinent information refering the symptoms and hazard factors involved in the disease. At present, there is no vaccinum protecting worlds against Lyme disease. The best manner to protect oneself against undertaking Lyme disease is to forestall a tick from holding the chance to convey the infection. 1. Accerrano, Anthony. ? Tick, tick. ? Sports Afield. Aug. 1996. 44-47. 2. Barbour, Alan G. , M.D. Lyme Disease. Baltimore: John? s Hopkins University Press, 1996. 3. Fernandez, Bob. ? New Jersey County Suffering from 2nd Highest Rate of Lyme Disease. ? Tribune News Service. 28 Aug. 1994. 4. Gubler, Diane J. , et Al. ? A Field Guide to Animal-borne Infections. ? Patient Care. 15 Oct. 1994. 23-37. 5. Hearn, Wayne. ? Lyme Disease Back With a Few New Ticks, Er, Tricks. ? American Medical News. 22 Jul. 1996. 29-30. 6. ? It? s Tick Time. ? The Record. 23 Jun. 1996. T-3. 7. Lang, Denise, and Derrick DeSilva, Jr. , M.D. Coping With Lyme Disease. New York: Henry Holt and Company, 1993. 8. ? Lingering Lyme Disease. ? Science News. 7 Jan. 1995. 11. 9. ? Lyme Disease: Treatment Controversies Continue. ? Health Facts. Jul. 1995. 1-2. 10. ? Lyme Disease # 8212 ; United States, 1995. ? The Journal of the American Medial Association. 24 Jul. 1996. 274. 11. Miller, Sue. ? Lyme Disease Update. ? Country Journal. Jul.-Aug. 1994. 8. 12. Murray, Polly. The Widening Circle. New York: St. Martin? s Press, 1996. 13. Nelson, Peter. ? Deer Watch. ? National Wildlife. Oct.-Nov. 1994. 34-42. 14. Pfister, Hans- Walter, et Al. ? Lyme Borreliosis: Basic Science and Clinical Aspects. ? The Lancet. 23 Apr. 1994. 1013-1017. 15. ? Recommendations for trial public presentation and reading from the Second National Conference on Serologic Diagnosis of Lyme Disease. ? The Journal of the American Medical Association. 27 Sept. 1995. 937. 16. Stewart, Kay B. ? A Quick Expression at Lyme Disease. ? Nursing. Aug. 1994. 41. 17. Sudo, Phil. ? The Bambi Boom. ? Scholastic Update. 16 Apr. 1993. 18.

Weak College Application Essays Hurt Your Chance of Admission

Unfortunately, many people wait until the last minute to complete their college applications essays. After months or even years of working to achieve excellent test scores, strong grades, and relevant work/volunteering experiences, fatigue can get the best of people. However, a weak college application essay can severely hurt your chance of admission. College application essays that are not well-written signal to the admissions committee that you are not fully prepared for their program. They are also disrespectful. Admissions officers review hundreds and sometimes thousands of essays over the course of an application season, and a weak college application essay is simply a waste of time that could be spent on a sincere applicant.For this reason, it is all the more important to  ensure that your college application essay contains good content, has smooth transitions, conveys the right tone, and is polished for grammar, punctuation, and word choice. This is actually easier than you might think. Admissions officers want a ‘clean’ essay that conveys your message in a positive tone and is easy to follow. While a strong college application essay can be the deciding factor for an applicant whose grades and test scores are on the borderline or even below a program’s minimum requirements, a weak college application essay from an applicant can arouse the admissions officers’ suspicions: Why is this otherwise stellar applicant unable to submit a good essay?Using College Application Essays to Weed-Out Less Desirable Applicants is Completely FairEvery year, programs receive an ocean of applications. Particularly among top programs, only a minority of applicants will receive acceptance letters. Just as admissions officers use college application essays to find the best applicants, they also use them to eliminate applicants from the group of people to be further reviewed by the entire committee. The college application essay is not a frivolous pa rt of the application process. Admissions officers take them seriously, and so should you.Submitting a weak college application essay sends the message: this doesn’t mean much to me. With so many applicants who are sincere and excited about the chance to attend their program, there is no need to bother with one who does not display enthusiasm and have enough respect to polish their college application essay. Admissions officers would genuinely rather have an entire cohort of dedicated students with minimal test scores and resumes than ones with the highest test scores and extensive resumes who are apathetic about being at their school.

40 Synonyms for Different

40 Synonyms for Different 40 Synonyms for â€Å"Different† 40 Synonyms for â€Å"Different† By Mark Nichol Looking for a different way to say â€Å"different†? Here are forty more or less distinct synonyms, along with their sometimes similar, sometimes disparate meanings. 1. Alternate: arranged or occurring in turns, or see alternative; also, every other (also a verb) 2. Alternative: referring to a choice; also, apart from the conventional or usual 3. Assorted: consisting of different kinds 4. Differing: see distinct, or changing from one case or situation to another; also, disagreeing 5. Discernible: able to be recognized as different; also detectable or recognizable 6. Discrete: see distinct 7. Disparate: see distinct, or incompatibly different 8. Dissimilar: not alike 9. Distant: different in kind; also, separated or far away from, going a long way, or far behind, or reserved in behavior, or distracted 10. Distinct: separate, or readily distinguishable; also, notable or unmistakable 11. Divergent: differing from each other or from a standard 12. Divers: see various (also an unrelated and differently pronounced plural form of diver) 13. Diverse: see distinct, or unlike 14. Eclectic: Drawn from various sources, or see heterogeneous 15. Heterogeneous: consisting of dissimilar ingredients or parts 16. Idiosyncratic: having a distinguishable quality; also, eccentric, or hypersensitive 17. Indiscriminate: see heterogeneous or motley; also, random, unrestrained, or careless about distinction 18. Individual: see separate; also, pertaining to an individual or individuality (also a noun) 19. Kitchen-sink: consisting of noticeably different parts; also, referring to the degrading aspects of poverty 20. Magpie: collected indiscriminately; also, acquisitive (also, a person who collects indiscriminately or chatters, or the bird whose behavior inspires these usages) 21. Manifold: see diverse or various; also, many, or consisting of various qualities (also an unrelated noun) 22. Miscellaneous: see diverse 23. Mixed: consisting of more than one kind (also a verb) 24. Motley: incongruously diverse; also, having different-colored markings 25. Multifarious: see diverse or various 26. Particular: see distinct; also, detailed, specific, or exacting or meticulous (also, in plural form, a noun) 27. Peculiar: distinctive; also, unusual or abnormal (this negative connotation predominates, so use with caution) 28. Piebald: consisting of incongruous parts; also, consisting of different colors (especially black and white) 29. Promiscuous: consisting of all types, or not restricted to one type; also, casual, irregular, or tending to have multiple sexual partners (because of this provocative connotation, promiscuous is rarely used in other senses) 30. Raggle-taggle: see motley 31. Ragtag: see motley; also, ragged or slovenly 32. Respective: see separate 33. Separate: not similar; also, autonomous, detached, or individual (also a verb) 34. Several: see distinct and separate; also, exclusive or relating separately, or a few 35. Single: unlike any other; also, lone, unmarried, or celibate, or honest or exclusive, or designed for one, or having only one item or part, or undivided 36. Singular: distinctive; also, exceptional or unusual, or pertaining to a single thing 37. Sundry: miscellaneous or various 38. Variant: varying slightly; also, demonstrating disagreement or variety (also a noun) 39. Varied: see diverse and various; also, having different-colored markings (also a verb) 40. Various: unlike, or of differing kinds, or see separate; also, individual, or having a number of qualities, or an indefinite number more than one Note, however, that different is often redundant, as in â€Å"They came up with many different ideas† (do you need to specify that the ideas they came up with were not identical?), so consider whether it is necessary to replace the deleted word at all. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:12 Types of LanguageProved vs. ProvenThe Difference Between "Un-" and "Dis-"

Advanced Emergency Care Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Advanced Emergency Care - Essay Example The article was chosen for its rigour and scientific form and the aim of this analysis is thus to assess the article by Preston et al. (2009) and how well they follow general research standards (posing and testing a hypothesis) and the use of (appropriate) methods. The analysis examines therefore the aim of Preston et al. (2009) and how well it is tested, whether it is properly contextualized in the relevant literature, whether the sample, research site or population are adequate and clearly defined and ethical questions have been considered and whether there is a thorough presentation of the results of the test (a RESULTS section). As part of the analysis the focus must also be on the conclusions and recommendations by Preston et al. and the relevance of the paper to advanced emergency care practice. The evaluation of Preston et al (2009) also notes in which sense the study under examination has tested the research question and whether limitations of the findings are acknowledged (R ees 2003). This essay analyses the work of Preston et al. (2009) and draws on external literary sources ) and the Resuscitation Council Guidelines (UK) 2010 when further clarification and referencing is be needed. After the analysis, it proceeds by framing the research paper in terms of its relevance to practice. The conclusions offered are a summary of the arguments in the essay. Evaluation of the research article, ‘Assessing advanced life support competence: Victorian Practices’ (Preston et al. 2009) 1. Aim in Preston et al. (2009) Preston et al. (2009) note that there are few studies that rigorously examining advanced life support (ALS) to direct educators about how to best assess ALS competence (knowledge and performance). The aim is therefore to point to a systematic approach to guide educators and has, as will be seen later, great relevance to practice. Preston et al.’s (2009) aim is accordingly to determine the most useful methods to assess competence amon g nurses and their resuscitation skills and knowledge (Preston et al. 2009, pp. 164-65). Their research is descriptive and uses content analysis (arranging the data into categories). It follows the standards of proper research presentation (Bowling, 2009; Rees, 2003). 2. Literature review Having outlined the problem by way of their hypothesis and aim, Preston et al. (2009) now turn to an analysis of relevant literary sources and concepts. So as to provide proper background to their own study (to contextualize it in the literature, Rees 2003) they cite the work of Chiarella et al. published in 2008. It identifies the competence to be tested, such as skills, knowledge, attitudes, values and abilities that appear to shape performance (ibid: 165). In the assessment of skills and ALS competence, psychomotor proficiency is recommended by other studies cited and refer to ‘arrhythmia [irregular heartbeat] recognition’, defribillation, intravenous therapy through insertion of in travenous cannula, administration of drugs and other means of coping with cardiac arrest by managing the airways and through ventilation and by assuring proper transport of the patient. While Preston et al. (2009) refer to Australian Resuscitation Council Guidelines (ibid: 165), one my here usefully refer to a similar

Digital Marketing Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Digital Marketing - Assignment Example Radio advertisement has two advantages. One is that the turnaround time on getting an advertisement on air is exceptionally short (Buckingham, 2008). A basic time period of a radio advertisement is three weeks generation and two weeks to create an aggregate media purchase. This is to process an advertisement of solid quality and to purchase noteworthy broadcast appointment. Little organizations can frequently transform and put on notice in simply a couple of days. Both the Capital FM and Magic FM could be moderate enough to permit redundancy of Gap 360 offer. Capital FM and Magic FM are selected accurately due to their demographics which is Manchester and home in target group which are adults within the age 18 to 35 years. You can select a station pretty correctly by its demographics and home in on your intended interest group. Commercial processing expenses are low. Its a prompt medium along these lines works well for advertising occasions, for example, an uncommon deal, on the day. By taking into consideration of the daily papers audience figures and demographics the Manchester, Metro and Guardian papers were picked. The higher the number of audience of a newspaper in given location of interest should be considered. Production expenses might be low however one requires a smarts design that can attract and hold attention of the intended target. In case of Manchester evening news: the circulation, reach, and cost of promotion are higher compared with Metro. From the table 2 we can deduce that the rate of response in the same for both local and national press. At the point when considering the types of advertisement, two elements to keep in mind are frequency and reach. Gap 360 needs advertisement that will reach the maximum possible number of individuals, and also want individuals to see their advertisement often with the goal that they remember Gap 360 and its product. The newspaper ads will enable Gap 360 to advertise to certain

Exclusionary Rule by the Supreme Court Case Study

Exclusionary Rule by the Supreme Court - Case Study Example Therefore, the Supreme Court justifies the use of this clause on deterrent effect except on certain exceptions that the court perceives to be necessary. Therefore, the Exclusionary Rule is used by the US Supreme Court to uphold the rights of individuals against police harassment, and ensure that the police conduct has to be deliberate and lawful; otherwise the Exclusionary will deter it. In Weeks v. United States, a United States Marshal gained entry to Fremont Week’s home without any warrant, and seized books, money, papers, and other properties. Consequently, Weeks petitioned the court claiming the return of his property, with the argument that the search of his premise was illegal as there was no warranty from the courts to legalize the search. Thus the search was in violation of the Fourth Amendment (Kaminiski, 2010). However, the district court denied Week’s petition and admitted the seized property as evidence. Weeks appealed the ruling and the Supreme Court Grant ed Certiorari (Kaminski, 2010). The Supreme Court on its findings ruled that if it was possible to seize letters and documents from a defendant and use such evidence against them in any offense, this challenged the supremacy of the Fourth Amendment, which protects and declares the rights of the citizens against any forced searches seizure of property. Thus, in case a court admitted such evidence, the Fourth Amendment should be as well be stricken off the constitution. Therefore, the Supreme court in its ruling established that while it was praiseworthy for the police to prosecute and access evidence, such worthy efforts cannot be based on an act that would sacrifice and erode the gains of the great principles established by many years of suffering, and which has led them to be embodied in the Supreme law of the land. The court also mentioned the Adams vs. New York case in reiterating that the Fourth Amendment aimed at securing the rights of the citizen and their privileges against a ny unlawful invasion of their sanctity of in their home by law enforcers. This ruling vindicated the police for carrying out forceful searches without proper warrants, which amounted to abuse of the police doctrine to uphold law and protect the rights of the citizens. The Police were supposed to obtain a legal warrant, and proceed to access such evidence in the most lawful way. However in another case Mapp v Ohio the Supreme Court unlike in the first case held that the Exclusionary Rule was as well applicable to any state criminal trials. In Mapp v. Ohio 467 S.S. 643(1961), the defendant was convicted of having certain lewd books, photographs, and pictures that contravened the Ohio law. Three Cleveland police officers entered Mapp’s home, and demanded entrance by force. After demanding a search warrant that the police did not have, the police called for backup and gained access by force to Mapp’s residence (Carmen, 2010). Similalry, after searching the residence, the p olice recovered the above materials, and produced them in court against Mapp. The trial court admitted the materials and convicted Mapp. However, the ruling was overruled by the Supreme Court on appeal. Thus, the court held that the Fourth Amendment on protecting the right to privacy applies to all States, through the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. The Supreme Court in this ruling suggested that the same rules

Motivating factors for sports tourism

Motivating factors for sports tourism SPORT TOURISM: FACTORS INFLUENCING MOTIVATION FOR SPORT TOURISM. OVERVIEW AND BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY Introduction.3 Purpose of the Study .3 Aims and Objectives.3/4 LITERATURE REVIEW.. Defining Sport Tourism4 Event Sport Tourism..4/5 Motivation Theory.5 Fan Motivations..5/6 METHODOLOGY.. Questionnaire based interviews6 Street Surveys..6/7 Focus Groups.7 Introduction purpose of study The purpose of this study is to provide an insight into visitor motivation for sport tourism. The proposal will investigate the importance of sport to individuals and the motivation to travel for sporting purposes. Sport tourism is an ever growing industry which has continued to thrive in all aspects, particularly of late. This is highlighted by Gibson (1998) who states that â€Å"the concept of sport-related tourism has become more prominent in the last few years as both an academic field of study and an increasingly popular tourism product†. The definitions of sport vary between authors with â€Å"some critics insisting that an all-embracing definition is impossible because sport is a socially constructed activity that has varied across historical eras, societies and cultures† (Ritchie Adair, 2004). Others have suggested that â€Å"sport has specific and timeless characteristics, such as being goal-oriented, competitive and a forum for the creation of winners and lo sers (Rader, 1979, Paddick 1975,Goodman, 1976)†. Furthermore, it is evident that like various other topic areas, sport tourism has a vast and broad research base. Sport and tourism are currently two of the most important industries, with a significant increase in tourists travelling for sport related purposes in recent years. However, researchers such as Delphy (1998) and Gibson (1998) have recognized that people have been travelling to participate or watch sports for centuries. Furthermore, Hall (1992) postulates that â€Å"sport tourism falls into two different categories, travel to participate in sport and travel to observe sport†. Sport tourists choose to travel to either participate or spectate. With regard to this, particular focus of this study will be placed on spectators and what motivates them to travel, attend and observe at various sporting events. Visitor motivation is a significant topic area which will be investigated rigorously within this study. The research will focus on the factors which influence motivation for sport event tourism. According to Mullins (2008) motivation is a force which drives any person to show a specific behaviour towards any condition or situation or things. Motivation is perceived by various authors as being either Intrinsic or Extrinsic. Intrinsic motivation is widely regarded as a self generated procedure which encourages an individual to act in a particular way. Extrinsic motivation on the other hand is perceived as an external influence which encourages an individual to act in a certain way. In other words something is done for an individual to motivate them to behave in a specific way. Specific examples of motivation within businesses include freedom to act and responsibility (Intrinsic) and also promotion and praise from others (Extrinsic). Visitor motivation will look at tourist’s beh aviour, profiles and the motivation they have to attend various sporting events. Aims Objectives The main research question will be to ascertain what motivates individuals to travel for sporting events. The following aims and objectives will be pursued throughout the study in order to critically examine the topic area. To analyse visitor motivation theory To discuss the importance understanding of Sport Tourism To discuss factors of influence on travel motivations for spectators To attend numerous sporting events in order to get a feel of the influences on travel motivation The scope of research will be primarily focused on the relationship between motivation and sport tourism. In order to meet the aims of the study the following objectives will be set to enable a successful investigation into the research area: Assess the concepts, theories and models related to motivation Sport Tourism Examine previous studies related to sport event travel motivation Conduct primary and secondary research to understand the spectator experience Critical Literature Review The following literature review will provide an introduction on sport tourism, highlight the key authors related to the field and also provide a deeper understanding of the factors influencing people to conduct sport related tourism. Sports tourism is defined by Gibson (2006) as leisure based travel that takes individuals outside of their home communities to participate in physical activities (Active Sport Tourism), to watch physical activities (Event Sport Tourism) or to venerate attractions associated with physical activities (Nostalgia Sport Tourism).On the other hand, Standevan and De Knop (1999) define sport tourism as all forms of active and passive involvement in sporting activity, participated in casually or in an organised way for non-commercial or business/ commercial reasons, that necessitate travel away from home and work. The key authors related to this field of study include Heather Gibson, James Higham, Mike Weed and Thomas Hinch to name a few. Notable academic books and journals include Sport Tourism: Concepts and Theories (Gibson, 2006), Sport Tourism – Interrelationships, Impacts and Issues (Ritchie, B. Adair, D. 2004) and also The Journal of Sport Tourism. Although both definitions mentioned are very similar it is interesting to note that Gibson (2006) has separated sport tourism into three different segments. This includes Active Sport Tourism, Event Sport Tourism and also Nostalgia Sport Tourism. However, Standevan and De Knop (1999) have opted on a more broad definition stating that sport tourism is all forms of active and passive involvement in sporting activity. The definition provided by Gibson (2006) illustrates a clear and concise understanding of what sport tourism is whilst also depicting the different types of sport tourism specifically. Robinson and Gammon (2004) like Gibson (2006) have also separated sport tourists into different segments. They depicted that sport tourism could firstly be divided into two areas of focus, differentiating between those who travel primarily for sport (sport tourists) and those where sport is perceived as a secondary consideration (tourism sport). This study however, will focus on what Gibson (2006) describes as Event Sport Tourism. This refers to tourists who travel to spectate physical activities or events. Event tourism includes travelling to attend a range of different events although it is interesting to note that sporting events have had the most significant impact on the industry. This is backed up by authors Chalip and McGuirty (2004), Turco (2003) and Saayman and Uys (2003) who state that Although event tourism includes arts festivals and cultural activities as well as sport events, the latter have played a key role in the growth of the event industry. One reason for this is that sport events have been seen to make an effective contribution to the economic development mix of cities and regions. Furthermore, this study will aim to ascertain what motivates tourists to travel to watch sporting events. In order to determine this successfully the literature related to motivation theory will need to be critically discussed. According to the Journal of Sport (2004) The motivation(s) of the sport tourist has been a regular source of discussion within much of the sport tourism literature (Gammon and Robinson, 1997; Gibson, 1998a; Hinch and Higham, 2004; Kurtzman and Zauhar, 1995a; Standeven and De Knop, 1999). Every year there are numerous events taking place with increased numbers of tourists travelling. Tourism is conducted domestically as well as outbound in order to actively take part or spectate at sporting events. Hollyforde Widdett (2002) postulate that motivational theory â€Å"outlines a researchers answers to questions such as â€Å"why do people make the choices they make? Or what makes someone persist at one activity and yet quickly give up another â€Å". Abraham Maslow is a renowned psychologist who proposed the motivational theory the hierarchy of needs. This theory has been an important framework related to motivation and assumes that human motivations proceed through various stages of needs. The hierarchy of needs starts off with the more primary basic needs such as physiological and safety needs at the foundation further leading to belongingness love and esteem needs and lastly ending with self-actualisation. According to Gibson (2006) psychologists such Maslow and also Murray have long postulated that behaviour is a function of needs, indeed, much of their work has provided the theoretical foundation for studies that have investigated the relationship between leisure or tourism and need satisfaction. Fan motivations are an important aspect when determining the reasoning behind â€Å"Event Sport Tourism†. Tourists love for the game/sport provides a big influence in them wanting to travel in order to watch their favorite team/player or event live rather than from a television set. A good example of this would be Football, where individuals purchase season tickets in order to watch their team play on a regular basis. This includes home games only but first option on away games is usually provided. Tourists will also be motivated to attend the away games especially on the big European nights away from home in order to support their team. This relates to Simon Hudson’s theory that â€Å"sport events away from can have an appeal based on their uniqueness or their quality that, when combined with escaping from the familiar and routine, generates personal and interpersonal benefits which make it a worthwhile expenditure of time and resources. Sport event tourism also provide a range of positive impacts for the consumer, destination and also the events. This is backed up by Hudson (2003) who states that, Special events can attract more tourists than regularly scheduled games. Sport events attract corporate sponsors. When sport facilities are built, they become permanent event venues. Major sport events can be catalysts for new facilities and new or improved infrastructure. Sport events can assist in destination branding by providing powerful, active lifestyle images and making cultural themes come alive. (Hudson, 2003) It is envisaged that this study will further strengthen the current body of literature related to sport tourism. A conceptual framework will be used in order to meet the aims and objectives of the research, placing particular focus on â€Å"Event Sport Tourism†. Methodology The following section will provide details of how the planned research will be conducted, what method(s) will be used and how long it may take to obtain relevant data. According to the research methods workbook â€Å"the research process or methodology is the approach to the entire study – it is the master plan. It is the blueprint for achieving objectives, one of which is the production of the dissertation† (Workbook, 2014). There are generally two main processes of conducting research, the qualitative approach and the quantitative approach. Quantitative data is primarily concerned with assessing numerical data and conducting statistical tests. Conversely, qualitative data focuses on descriptions that can be observed and includes methods such as participant observation and unstructured interviews. In simple terms the main difference between the two approaches is that quantitative data collection deals with ‘quantity’ of research whereas ‘qualitative’ data collection emphasise quality research. The methodology section will emphasise how the research will be conducted in order to attain relevant information regarding sport tourism and motivational theory. Within this study it is envisaged that the research process will consist of questionnaire based interviews with tourists that attend sporting events. This will be completed in order to determine the factors which influence their decision/desire to attend. It is believed that interviews can have a number of positives including â€Å"the encouragement of participation, clarification of any confusion regarding questions and also the inclusion of people who are incapable of reading (Long, 2007)†. By mixing the two concepts of questionnaire and interview it will in a sense provide the â€Å"best of both worlds† and enable the researcher to gather sufficient data. Authors such as Kendall (2008) postulate that â€Å"while questionnaires can provide evidence of patterns amongst large populations, qualitative intervi ew data often gather more in-depth insights on participant attitudes, thoughts, and actions†. Furthermore, alternative research methods will also be taken into consideration in order to determine the most efficient and effective way of obtaining information. Street surveys and focus groups will be the other two approaches in question, they will be looked at in detail as potential research methods. Street surveys are a quantitative research method whereas focus groups provide a qualitative approach to data collection. Street surveys are a tempting research method considering it is an efficient way of gathering data from individuals. According to Long (2007) â€Å"street surveys are a quick and cheap route to gathering survey data. The ‘street’ in this may represent any convenient location for ‘capturing’ respondents (e.g. the mall or refectory/canteen). Street surveys will be conducted outside specific sporting events in order to receive data from relevant sport tourists. However, there are disadvantages like any other method, including relatively low response rates due to the typical locations in which surveys are conducted. The lack of quality of data gathered and the overall amount of data collected are also negatives of using this method. Conversely, surveys can also have various positives including the ease and efficiency of conducting the process. According to March (1982: 147) â€Å"Surveys have a lot to offer†¦.since experimentation cannot be used to inves tigate a wide range of macro-social processes, there is often no alternative to considering variation across cases in a systematic fashion†. Focus groups will also be taken into consideration when depicting the ideal research method to use in order to conduct research for this study. Focus groups are a traditionalist method of research, enabling the researcher to obtain information on a face to face and personal basis. Therefore, the researcher is able to obtain descriptive answers rather than numerical or statistical data. It is envisaged that â€Å"Qualitative research is generally based on the belief that the people personally involved in a particular (leisure or tourism) situation are best placed to describe and explain their experiences or feelings in their own words. They should be allowed to speak without the intermediary of the researcher and without being overly constrained by the framework imposed by the researcher† (Veal,2006) . With regard to this, focus groups should be high on the list of potential research methods. However, there are also disadvantages of using this method like any other. Focus grou ps can become difficult to control, analyse and conduct. It is easy to get a group of people together but it is not as easy to avoid disagreements, conflicts between individuals and irrelevant discussions. Transcribing a focus group is also a very time consuming process due to the amount of people involved within the discussion. Participants may also feel under pressure to follow the lead of a dominant individual within the group therefore succumbing to peer pressure and holding back their own views. Regardless of which research approach will be used, significant methods will need to be included within the process of obtaining information. This includes personally attending various sporting events in order to get an idea of the â€Å"spectator experience†. It is interesting to note that Weed (2008) postulates that in order to ascertain ‘why’ sport tourists travel, researchers need to focus on participation experiences underpinned by ontological research. Furthermore, significant library based research will need to be conducted as well as the visitation of numerous libraries and archives. Fieldwork will also be conducted during event visitations in order to broaden knowledge in relation to the topic area. The subjects of research will include randomly selected individuals with an interest in Event Sport Tourism. Conversely, small groups may be required if focus groups are chosen as the most suitable research method. The timeframe for the research to be conduct ed is yet to be finalised however, it is understood that the following research will take several months to complete in order to obtain the relevant data required. Bibliography Books Altinay, L and Paraskevas, A (2008) Planning Research in Hospitality and Tourism, Butterworth Heinemann, London Clark, M et al (1998) Researching and Writing Dissertations in Hospitality and Tourism, International Thomson Business Press, London Delpy, L. (2003). An introduction to sport and adventure tourism. In Hudson, S, Sport and Adventure Tourism (pp. 1-25). Haworth Hospitality Press Inc: Binghamton Gibson, H. (1998a). Active sport tourism: Who participates? Leisure Studies, 17, 155-170. Gibson, H. (1998b). Sport tourism: A critical analysis of research. Sport Management Review, 1, 45-76. Gibson, H (2006) Sport Tourism: Concepts and Theories, Oxon: Routledge Hall, C. (1992) Hallmark tourist events: Impacts, management and planning, London: Bellhaven Press Higham, J. and Hinch, T (2011). Sport Tourism Development. Bristol: Channel View Publications Hinch, T. Higham, J. (2008). Sport tourism: A framework for research. In Weed, M, Sport and Tourism: A Reader (pp. 40-56). New York, NY: Routledge. Hollyforde, S Widdett, S (2002) The Motivation Handbook. London: Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development Hudson, S (2003) Sport and Adventure Tourism. New York: Haworth Hospitality Press. Hudson, S. Ritchie, B. (2001). Cross-cultural tourist behaviour: An analysis of tourist attitudes towards the environment. Journal of Travel Tourism Marketing, 10(2), 1-22. Long, J (2007) Researching Leisure, Sport and Tourism: The Essential Guide, London, SAGE Publications. Maslow, A. (1954). Motivation and personality. New York: Harper Ritchie, B. Adair, D. (2004) Sport Tourism – Interrelationships, Impacts and Issues, London: Cromwell Press Robinson, T. Gammon, S. (2004). A question of primary and secondary motives: Revisiting and applying the sport tourism framework. Journal of Sport Tourism, 9(3), 221-233 Standeven, J. De Knop, P. (1999). Sport Tourism. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics. Vernon, M.D (1969) Humanmotivation.London : Cambridge U.P Veal, A (2011) Research Methods for Leisure and Tourism: A Practical Guide, Longman, Essex (4th edition) Weed, M (2008). Sport Tourism. Oxon: Routledge. Weed, M and Bull, C (2012). Sports Tourism. 2nd ed. Oxford: Elsevier Journals Harris, Lois R. Brown, Gavin T.L. (2010). Mixing interview and questionnaire methods: Practical problems in aligning data . Practical Assessment, Research Evaluation, 15(1). Available online: http://pareonline.net/getvn.asp?v=15n=1. International Journal of Sport Management, Recreation and Tourism Journal of Sport Tourism-Abingdon Taylor Francis Ltd Kotze, N (2006). Urban Forum.Cape Town and the Two Oceans Marathon: The Impact of Sport Tourism. 17 (3) 1 | Page

On The Road- A Success? :: essays research papers

"On the Road"- a success? So much open space- mile after mile of cities, towns, Waffle Houses, and a whole lot of whatnot. There's such a feeling of freedom on a road trip, just sticking your head out the window to let the breeze of every place that passes, cover your face. So much is taken in, yet so little, you find it's hard to stop to sleep or feed yourself. You're driving to get somewhere, but that somewhere doesn't matter, all that matters is driving and letting the wind take you. Friends, yell at attractive people as you pass, Or fighting with family, arguing about who's going to eat the last piece of string cheese. It's all about the moment and what you choose to do with it. "On the Road", a novel written by Jack Kerouac, contains many such road trips during a time in life called: the beat generation. It's an extraordinary tale of two young men searching for things they don't even realize until they get to their destinations; and when they reach those destinations all they want to do is driv e†¦. In first reading "On the Road", one might find it a touch absurd and slightly confusing. The writing goes in all directions and who is this Dean guy anyway? Upon reading the novel a second time there's this fascination with all the characters and their actions. The tale unfolds with Salvatore Paradise, called simply: Sal. Sal is a writer, in his thirties, living in New Jersey (his whole life). He becomes obsessed (it seems) with a guy named Dean Moriarty. Dean is an interesting character- a con and a womanizer; he still becomes a guy that readers would want to be pals with. Dean and Sal have an interesting relationship, but for the most part they seem like good friends. After Dean moves out of Sals apartment (after conning his way into it), he moves around, getting married and not really settling down. So this leads to Sal, out of sheer boredom, to pack some things and head out on a road trip, with no car and fifty bucks in his pocket. Off he goes on a wild adventure, comin g to many stops along his way to California. From there the story gets kind of repetitive, with Sal going back and forth across the country and Dean still up to all his craziness.