Rachel Carsons Silent Spring Free Essay Example, 750 words

The book illuminates the mind into the reality of the decaying world. The deposits and residues were now threatening the lives of innocent consumers of these industrial commodities as well as agricultural goods. "The sight and sound of drifting ribbons of waterfowl across an evening sky harbored danger. " Soil bacteria and fungi become a "horde of minute but ceaselessly toiling creatures". She also brings up to memory the incident in Florida where two children died after using a paper that once contained a pesticide called parathion to repair sewing. Their three friends fell ill. Amongst other occurrences, should have been a wakeup call. It is with a brilliance that she takes on the manufacturers, acting as nature s watchdog. These chemicals are carcinogenic. The futility of relying on them or any new substitutes offered to counteract the swift evolution of immunity to chemical control shown by more and more insects and fungus diseases. Dr. W. C. Hueper of the National Cancer Institute has given DDT the definite rating of a chemical carcinogen -a cancer inducer. Storage of DDT begins with the smallest conceivable intake of the chemical, which is present as residues on most foodstuffs, and continues until high levels are reached. We will write a custom essay sample on Rachel Carson's Silent Spring or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now The fatty storage depots act as biological magnifiers, so that the intake of as little as one-tenth of 1 part per million in the diet results, in the storage of about 10 to 15 parts per million, an increase of one hundredfold or more. In animal experiments, 3 parts per million have been found to inhibit an essential enzyme in heart muscle. The other side effect of these chemicals that is mind-blowing is that they do cause mutation as long term use side effects. This is so scary that their products should not even occur. Who wants a baby who is malfunctioned? Or has missing parts? We have to sensitize the community against all these. The wildlife will be negatively affected if we play blame games or give a deaf ear to Carson s advice, these include the fish in the sea where the residue of this pesticide tends to have a final destination. These insidious poisons end up killing so many living things.

Essay on Depression - 1024 Words

Depression is a state of despondency marked by feelings of powerlessness and hopelessness. Depression reflects a sad and/or irritable mood exceeding typical grief or sadness. Furthermore, such sadness of depression is characterized by a greater intensity and duration. People tend to see themselves as failing even if they are not. Depression is one of the most prevalent emotional problems. External experiences often initiate depression. For example, problems of financial nature, a loss of a loved one, a serious illness, difficulties in the relationship, or any other uninvited changes in life can cause a depressive episode. According to medicinenet.com, â€Å"a combination of genetic, psychological, and environmental factors is involved in the†¦show more content†¦An imbalance or deficiency of the neurotransmitters, serotonin, noradrenaline and dopamine are implicated in depression, although it may be a change in receptor function, and not neurotransmitter concentration, that causes depression. (www.brainexplorer.com) Depressive signs and symptoms are characterized not only by negative thoughts, moods, and behaviors but also by specific changes in bodily functions such as crying spells, body aches, as well as problems with eating, weight, and sleeping, and low energy or libido. Depression affects all aspects of one’s life. A depressed person is more likely to be in the dark, gloomy mood at all times of the day. They often are sleep deprived persons with low self-esteem and self-confidence. Depressed people feel sad, lonely, find it difficult to complete their daily tasks because of fatigue, and typically complain a lot. Because of the depression, persons can may insensitive remarks to their partners, be angry or uncaring, and often completely withdraw from the relationship. Depression negatively affects relationships because the partners of the depressed suffer when someone they love gives nothing back but negativity. Partners find it more difficult to connect to their depressed loved ones in everyday life or in spirit. Therefore, untreatedShow MoreRelatedDepression : Depression And Depression927 Words   |  4 Pagesthe word Depression. Now that I am older I know not to use that term so loosely because depression is a disorder that is very serious. According to the Mayo Clinic Depression, also known as major depressive disorder is a mood disorder that causes a feeling of sadness and a loss of interest. 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A lot of youth use depression to have an edge or some kind of thing that makes them different. I feel like this ideology invalidates people with real mental illness and diagnosed depression. I say this but have also fallen victim to this aesthetic or aura that a lot of people portray. Although hard to define, depression can basically be summed up to be the lack of hope or courage pertaining to your life. It causesRead MoreDepression And Depression In Wurtzel931 Words   |  4 Pagesher life while dealing with depression and its symptoms. Having depression at a young age had affected her whole life and has made it difficult to act normal. Wurtzel expresses her sadness and copes in destructive ways such as cutting and doing drugs. The book goes on a journey of her life and the issues she goes through, meeting people, and dealing with additional problems. The novel’s main conflict is battling with depression and the urges of dealing with depression. 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Over nine million adults each year suffer from depression. Many people don’t understand what depression really is, including myself until I did a lot of research over this subject. Major depression is more than a temporary state of being sad. It is a persistent state that can significantly impair an individual’s thoughtsRead MoreDepression Essay : The Causes And Effects Of Youth Depression1566 Words   |  7 PagesCauses and Effects of Youth Depression Most individuals spend a short downcasted period in their lives, but some individuals experience an extended period of dejection. This may be the cause of depression. Depression is a mental disorder that feeds on the negative self-evaluation of an individual. Eventually the individual is blinded of any positivity in their life by the overwhelming pessimistic views of a situation, continuing the cycle. Awareness of adult depression is substantial, but unprogressiveRead More Depression Essay568 Words   |  3 Pages Clinical depression is one of many mental disorders affecting 1 in 10 Americans today. This disorder is characterized by ongoing feelings of sadness and despair which leads to anxiety, agitation, feelings of emptiness, and loss of self-worth. Following these initial symptoms are possible weight loss or gain, insomnia, lack of energy, unusual indecisiveness, and even suicidal thoughts or attempts. There are many possible causes of major depression; however, very often the disease strikes without

Impact of Global E-commerce Standards

Question: Discuss about theImpact of Global E-commerce Standards. Answer: Introduction With increase in popularity and huge potential offered by internet in commercial application, it is no wonder that e-commerce has evolved as an immensely important and also interesting business platform. E-commerce has large effects on economy and almost every country largely depends on e-commerce as a process for conducting financial transaction online. E-commerce focuses on procedures by which all type of information gets exchanged. In todays realms of corporate functions, e-commerce has very much a business to business affair with some focus on business to customer types of transactions. E-commerce cannot be confined to a clear cut meaning (Czinkota et al, 2009). The main aspect entails business transactions with the support of internet. This is also looked upon as a platform that incorporates application of technology for ensuring financial transactions effectively. Thus this popular process and platform involves participants who are business firms, individual persons and also go vernment. Way of doing business by many corporate is revolutionized by internet with convenience and fast operation as vital priorities. Organisations in Developed nations like UK and US are shifting to brick and mortar stores giving a thought that people in the countries are willing to shop online for enjoying flawless shopping experience (Da Costa, 2016). Ecommerce standards are vital for enabling business houses and their associates to automate business process especially, the buying as well as selling processes. The standards provide formats, rules and data patterns which are necessary for exchanging electronic procurement orders, shipping messages, and desires for quotes, repair orders and invoice and so on (Sohaib and Kang, 2012). This literature review is focussed on discussions of some e-commerce standards and their impacts. Opinions of several authors and their opinions with shades of arguments have featured in this literature review. Important Research Variables B2B data standards are well-liked tools which are considered useful for ensuring standardization within self-governing corporate. Generally these firms work together in supply chain so that to obtain maximum levels of effectiveness. The maximum useful aspect is that, businesses among the firms get simplified by offering a general and common pattern of business system. Czinkota et al, (2009) stated that there are many functions for which they have been developed and the functions are quality assurance, production, and information technology and so on. Some challenging standards emerged with the improvement in technology and internet from late 90s and the standards were developed with the aim for supporting areas of e-commerce in business to business transactions (Solaymani, Sohaili and Yazdinejad, 2012). The internet popularity has brought about a model named do it yourself which enables a company regardless of size, to develop own e-commerce standards. Da Costa, (2016) argued that due to this, the possible and likely happening was growth of many useful business standards being structured to mechanize business processes that are trade specific. This has created a riddle among many like which one is more vital and which one is least effective. It is obvious that in a value chain there are so many participants and they, for the sake of business have the same opinion on a common standard, while most viable one sometimes do not get considered as stated by Doong and Ho, (2012). This is possibly due to existence of many standards being developed. A rather logical and meticulous selection of standards may benefit the companies, else the standards hardly get any justification. But confusion exists as pointed out by Gong, (2009) that if there an aspect is where having many standards hold back collaboration among companies in supply chain. Koh, Fichman and Kraut, (2012) stressed on long tail perception that introduces itself as a structure which measures the benefits an d disadvantages too, meted out by growth of technical standards in the areas of supply chain processes. Regarding this, Koh, Fichman and Kraut, (2012) expressed similar view as Doong and Ho, (2012) have. Long tail as a concept to know mass market performance- Behaviour of mass gets measured by this perception and Koh, Fichman and Kraut, (2012) suggested that a substantial portion of populace will embrace some of the manners which are most widely accepted and some other remaining population selects some niche approaches which are not popular as previously stated. Laudon and Traver, (2016) argued that the long tail exemplified how virtual business structures created by some pioneers have made a latest economic pattern for the industry in the field of internet. EDI or electronic data interchange has its dominion and others cater to niche section. The functionality of EDI was like building capacity of business to exchange information with another electronically applying standard format described by joint working group like government-industry participants (Eames et al, 2014). But as observed and stated by Koh, Fichman and Kraut, (2012), EDI application was mainly concentrated among large corporate while relatively small business could not afford it due to large expenditures associated with the data transmissions. For e-commerce in B2B segments, technology and economics had a changed paradigm. Hyper text transfer protocol and file transfer protocol invigorating e-commerce and freeing it from conventional networking models applied in EDI (Bthe and Mattli, 2011). XML came into effect as an open standard for allowing information sharing among trade applications. With the growth and popularity of XML at the beginning of this decade, some other st andards also grew. According to Mehta and Shah, (2011), E-commerce standards in B2B were in use in major industries along with some sub-sectors. In sub sector like poultry and meat, creator of XML had a notion that this subsector needs a separate norm as these products have uneven weights that very often creates inconsistent measurements of packaging and highly custom-made price structures (Yunis et al, 2012). According to Koh, Fichman and Kraut, (2012), PIES became a standard that is product information exchange standard for cataloguing parts of cars by electronic means. Suppliers distribute catalogues by electronic means and retailers in automotive aftermarket find this convenient to upload these on the system for ordering parts. Niche and Global E-commerce Standards - a Comparison Lee and Carter, (2012), argued that flexibility in technology along with industry specialization would not have been achievable by conventional EDI and only new XML norms are useful, while Mehta and Shah, (2011) stressed that XML standards are not successful to be an effective substitute of EDI. Some left over B2B transactions are on the basis of EDI. Global financial service segment finds a standard which is non XML and is called SWIFT FIN message format as useful and noteworthy to be utilised. Comparatively small sized business partners use other standards in some sectors. Lee and Carter, (2012), argued in favour of the new XML standards by stressing that traditionally EDI is hardly of any help to support framework of e-commerce to facilitate cooperation among business houses. Consumer packaged goods- In between suppliers of goods, materials and packaging and manufacturers of consumer packaged products, four separate models of order fulfilment get used. While the models could be controlled by EDI, still it is decided by the industry that a different standard for customisation is of importance and requirement. High technology- PIPs are template called partner interface processes and some new variants of PIPs for end of life notifications for product are useful and with EDI, such specific templates were not realistic as asserted by Laudon and Traver, (2016). Niche standards also require a review and have some downsides. Although within a particular market segment, green coffee XML has effectiveness but possibilities are also high of this, to cause the e-commerce more complex. According to Thomas, (2010) from the perspectives of business associates in neighbouring sector. In B2B, EDI is used by government agencies that charge tax on importing as well as exporting activities. Corporate that deals in consumer packaged goods, freight carriers in ground and ocean use EDI. Thomas, (2010) suggested that, when it comes to complete value chain then as a separate standard, Green coffee XML is not the realistic one. Method of Analysis Difference of standards through sectors has impact beyond only making technology management more complicated. While competing standards are in use among sellers and purchasers then business relationships build up and transactions get delayed lot of times thus keeping business and inter relationship vulnerable many times. Purwati, (2011) viewed that large retail and automobile companies with purchasing capacity dictates standards for B2B to their suppliers. Recently there is consolidation of some standards like Global standards1 that supports specification in package labelling like RFID and bar codes. Laudon and Traver, (2016) stated that industry like pharmaceuticals and health care has achieved focus of GS1. Amidst many existing standards like EDI and XML and non XML, new consolidated standards like Global standars1 and OAGI called as Open Application Group have achieved noteworthy appreciation in some industries. OAGI is merged with CIDX that harmonize standards among numerous industries which reap the benefits of the standards. Lee and Carter, (2012) argued that although these standards are popular but still their fruition in field of ecommerce is not beyond confusion in full measures. Business to Cope with Numerous Standards Multiple standards when keep corporate in the dilemma to choose most viable one and puts pressure on them to cope properly. Sometimes businesses lose to reap advantage of framework of ecommerce designed for their specific sectors. Eventually they fall in a position to apply simplified standards to ensure interaction with their associates in different sectors. Sometimes these efforts become costly for the companies. Thomas, (2010) suggested that, by these activities firms can achieve competitive advantage which comes through niche standards whilst keeping up a large level of interoperability among industries. B2B e-commerce has somewhat become complex for rise of many standards in the last decades. Firms face more challenges to cooperate by electronic means in industries. This requires companies to spend more time to share information among them using varied standards and this sometimes become hugely cumbersome as stated by (Zhu and Thatcher, 2010). Among some upheavals that are sometimes obvious in the standards, the advantageous aspect of the overall e-commerce platform cannot be undermined and these necessitate the existence of the standards. Zhu and Thatcher, (2010), emphasised that business can enjoy rapid growth from the inherent scalability and flexibility of e-commerce. Business can quickly adapt to market demands to satisfy needs of their clients. Companies can ensure more transparency to their clients in terms of offers by them in comparison to offers made available by competitors (Bauer, N?mcov and Dvo?k, 2010). Laudon and Traver, (2016) argued that marketers and customers earlier used to have little volume of knowledge about each other while customers had little knowledge about products and marketers rarely could understand the actual or potential customers. E-commerce is of usefulness in this facet. Da Costa, (2016) stated that few e-commerce standards are hugely accepted and bundled into modern procurement system. These standards are of some benefits to companies and this cannot be ignored in modern day business particularly in aviation industry. Businesses have requirement to have protection from diverse standards at the application level. Zhu and Thatcher, (2010) stated that using the same procedure to e-commerce in the segment of B2B, SAP and oracle the ERP vendors offer a collection of embedded maps which can transform data in and out of standard design. Thomas, (2010) argued that reverse trend come into existence as ERP vendors contribute to the growth of standards. Gaps in Literature This literature review posits several ideas and arguments that have been put forth by several authors. Thus this literature review has got into a shape of argumentative article that sheds knowledge. The apparent knowledge summation does not have any gap, but still some gaps are somewhat obvious in this literature review and the gaps need to be mentioned here. Czinkota et al, (2009) stated e-commerce takes its stride to mould virtual business with global standards packed in it, the very pace of this get hindered due to several disadvantages which do not have always to do with standards. Nonetheless these needed a mention which got away to be included in this literature review. Thomas, (2010) expressed concern saying that If security is not properly augmented then customers privacy can be intruded on. Thus customers need to be ensured by the companies regarding regulatory compliance for security of privacy. Products sometimes are demonstrated along with competitive offers repeatedly fr om big retailers and better price can be accessed. For this reason, sometimes retailers suffer as they cannot achieve as much sales as expected. Returns of products and fake complaints rate become higher as customers often order products online and at the time of receiving the products other than by visiting stores in person they change their mind and tend to return the products on the pretext of faulty products (Thomas, 2010). To put it basically, they try to take chance of return policies which is in actual framed for the convenience of the customers. Big companies generally do not face problems while the small and medium firms suffer a lot due to this. All these apart, skill gap among the people handling ecommerce from the back end render this entire platform and process too complex and difficult to be implemented and even a most effective standard of e-commerce is of little help then. Conclusion In modern times both sellers and purchasers are dependent on each others. Customers expect better products and knowledge of products before arriving at a purchase decisions and buyers depend on customers as sales volume depends on their final purchase decisions. Companies in ecommerce business also look for coordination that becomes easy at affordable cost with help of ecommerce. Ecommerce depends on several standards which govern the process. Existence of numerous standards often poses difficulties for business to select the most feasible option Purwati, (2011) stated that EDI had its dominance earlier and arguments prevail when it comes to efficacy level of the various standards. XML as an open standard enables knowledge sharing among business applications. B2B is vital ecommerce segments and looks for ideal set of standards in the field of ecommerce. Challenges due to the standards, crop up which need to be resisted at the application level. There are many useful aspects of e-comm erce as economy has substantial dependence on the rising platform of trade and commerce (Zhu and Thatcher, 2010). Cooperation among business firms can ensue better results along with focus on standards to be more tailored to the needs of businesses and their applications. Ecommerce has just begun to rise to have more beneficial impact on businesses and existent standards and imminent if are any may be of great help with adequate focus for realistic application suited to business needs. References Bauer, O., N?mcov, Z. and Dvo?k, J., 2010. E-Commerce and its Impact on Customer Strategy. Economics Management. Bojnec, . and Fertoe, I., 2009. Impact of the internet on manufacturing trade.Journal of Computer Information Systems,50(1), pp.124-132. Bthe, T. and Mattli, W., 2011.The new global rulers: The privatization of regulation in the world economy. Princeton University Press. Czinkota, M.R., Ronkainen, I., Moffett, M.H., Marinova, S. and Marinov, M., 2009.International business. Wiley. Da Costa, E., 2016.Global e-commerce strategies for small businesses. Mit Press. Doong, S.H. and Ho, S.C., 2012. The impact of ICT development on the global digital divide.Electronic Commerce Research and Applications,11(5), pp.518-533. Eames, M., Berkhout, F., Hertin, J., Hawkins, R. and Mackerron, G., 2014. 2 E-topia? Scenarios for e-commerce and sustainability. Digital Futures: Living in a Networked World, 39. Gong, W., 2009. National culture and global diffusion of business-to-consumer e-commerce.Cross cultural management: an international journal,16(1), pp.83-101. Koh, T.K., Fichman, M. and Kraut, R.E., 2012. Trust across borders: Buyer-supplier trust in global Business-to-Business e-commerce. Laudon, K.C. and Traver, C., 2016.E-Commerce 2016: Business, Technology, Society. Pearson Higher Ed. Lee, K. and Carter, S., 2012.Global marketing management. Oxford University Press. Mehta, K.T. and Shah, V., 2011. E-commerce: The next global frontier for small businesses.Journal of Applied Business Research (JABR),17(1). Purwati, Y., 2011. Standard features of e-commerce user interface for the web.Researchers World,2(3), p.77. Sohaib, O. and Kang, K., 2012. The Effect of Technology, Human and Social Networks in Serviceable Cross-Culture Business to-Consumer (B2C) Websites. Journal of Internet and e-Business Studies, 2012, p.1. Solaymani, S., Sohaili, K. and Yazdinejad, E.A., 2012. Adoption and use of e-commerce in SMEs. Electronic Commerce Research, 12(3), pp.249-263. Thomas, B. ed., 2010.E-Commerce Adoption and Small Business in the Global Marketplace: Tools for Optimization: Tools for Optimization. IGI Global. Yunis, M.M., Koong, K.S., Liu, L.C., Kwan, R. and Tsang, P., 2012. ICT maturity as a driver to global competitiveness: a national level analysis. International Journal of Accounting Information Management, 20(3), pp.255-281. Zhu, L. and Thatcher, S.M., 2010. National information ecology: a new institutional economics perspective on global e-commerce adoption.Journal of Electronic Commerce Research,11(1), p.53.